SLEEP AND METABOLIC CONTROL: WAKING TO A PROBLEM?

Authors: Trenell, Michael I; Marshall, Nathaniel S; Rogers, Naomi L

Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Volume 34, Numbers 1-2, January 2007 , pp. 1-9(9)

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Abstract:

SUMMARY

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The aim of the present review is to outline: (i) the association between sleep and metabolism; (ii) how sleep duration influences the development of disease; and (iii) how sex differences, ageing and obesity may potentially influence the relationship between sleep, metabolic control and subsequent disease.

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Sleep is associated with a number of endocrine changes, including a change in insulin action in healthy young individuals. Sleep duration shows a prospective U-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.

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Chronic sleep restriction is becoming more common. Experimental sleep restriction impedes daytime glucose control and increases appetite.

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The sex hormones oestrogen and testosterone influence sleep duration and quality and may account for sex differences in the prevalence of sleep-related disorders.

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Ageing is associated with a decreased sleep duration, decreased muscle mass and impaired insulin action.

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Obesity impairs insulin action and is associated with the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea.

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Sleep plays an integral role in metabolic control. Consequently, insufficient sleep may represent a modifiable risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes. The challenge ahead is to identify how sex differences, ageing and obesity could potentially influence the relationship between sleep and metabolism.

Keywords: ageing; appetite; diabetes; metabolism; obesity; sex; sleep

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04541.x

Publication date: 2007-01-01