Authors: Olubodun J.O.¹; Ochs H.R.²; von Moltke L.L.¹; Roubenoff R.¹; Hesse L.M.¹; Harmatz J.S.¹; Shader R.I.¹; Greenblatt D.J.

Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Volume 56, Number 3, September 2003 , pp. 297-304(8)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

Aims

The influence of ageing on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem, an extensively prescribed hypnotic medication, was evaluated in healthy human volunteers. Methods

A series of 16 elderly (age: 61–85 years) and 24 young (age: 22–42 years) volunteers received single 5 mg oral doses of zolpidem tartrate. Serum zolpidem concentrations were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection in samples drawn during 8 h after dosage. The effect of testosterone on zolpidem biotransformation was evaluated in vitro using human liver microsomes. Possible induction of CYP3A protein expression and function was studied in cultured human hepatocytes. Results

Among men, apparent oral clearance of zolpidem was decreased in elderly compared to young subjects (3.8 vs 11.0 ml min^-1 kg^-1, P < 0.01), C_max was increased (93 vs 40 ng ml^-1, P < 0.01), and half-life increased (2.7 vs 1.5 h, P < 0.03). Among women, zolpidem oral clearance was decreased in the elderly (3.0 vs 5.8 ml min^-1 kg^-1, P < 0.02), C_max increased (108 vs 60 ng ml^-1, P < 0.001), with no difference in t_1/2 (2.3 vs 2.4 h). Among male subjects, free serum testosterone concentrations were lower in the elderly (10.5 vs 19.0 pg ml^-1, P < 0.01), and were significantly correlated with zolpidem clearance (r² = 0.46, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated a greater relative contribution of serum testosterone than age to the oral clearance of zolpidem among men. In human liver microsomes, co-incubation of zolpidem (10 µm) with varying concentrations of testosterone produced activation of biotransformation of zolpidem to its principal hydroxylated metabolite. Maximum activation was achieved at equimolar concentrations of testosterone (10 µm). However, testosterone did not induce immunoactive CYP3A4 expression or catalytic function in cultured human hepatocytes. Conclusions

The increased C_max and lower oral clearance of zolpidem in the elderly are consistent with recommendations of lower clinical doses of zolpidem in the elderly. Our clinical and in vitro data both suggest that reduced free serum testosterone may have a modulatory role in age-dependent changes in zolpidem pharmacokinetics in men.

Keywords: ageing; pharmacokinetics; testosterone; zolpidem

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0306-5251.2003.01852.x

Affiliations: 1: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Ageing, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA and 2: Marien-Krankenhaus, Soest, Germany

Publication date: 2003-09-01

Related content

• In this: publication
• By this: publisher
• In this Subject: Pharmacology
• By this author: Olubodun J.O. ;  Ochs H.R. ;  von Moltke L.L. ;  Roubenoff R. ;  Hesse L.M. ;  Harmatz J.S. ;  Shader R.I. ;  Greenblatt D.J.

Website © Publishing Technology. Article copyright remains with the publisher, society or author(s) as specified within the article.

• Terms and conditions
• Privacy policy
• Information for advertisers