Authors: Stockwell, Tim; Zhao, Jinhui¹; Macdonald, Scott; Pakula, Basia¹; Gruenewald, Paul²; Holder, Harold²

Source: Addiction, Volume 104, Number 11, November 2009 , pp. 1827-1836(10)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

Aim 

To investigate the independent effects on liquor sales of an increase in (a) the density of liquor outlets and (b) the proportion of liquor stores in private rather than government ownership in British Columbia between 2003/4 and 2007/8. Design 

The British Columbia Liquor Distribution Branch provided data on litres of ethanol sold through different types of outlets in 89 local health areas of the province by beverage type. Multi-level regression models were used to examine the relationship between per capita alcohol sales and outlet densities for different types of liquor outlet after adjusting for potential confounding social, economic and demographic factors as well as spatial and temporal autocorrelation. Setting 

Liquor outlets in 89 local health areas of British Columbia, Canada. Findings 

The number of private stores per 10 000 residents was associated significantly and positively with per capita sales of ethanol in beer, coolers, spirits and wine, while the reverse held for government liquor stores. Significant positive effects were also identified for the number of bars and restaurants per head of population. The percentage of liquor stores in private versus government ownership was also associated significantly with per capita alcohol sales when controlling for density of liquor stores and of on-premise outlets (P < 0.01). Conclusion 

The trend towards privatisation of liquor outlets between 2003/04 and 2007/08 in British Columbia has contributed to increased per capita sales of alcohol and hence possibly also to increased alcohol-related harm.

Keywords: Alcohol regulation; government monopoly; per capita alcohol consumption; privatization

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02658.x

Affiliations: 1: Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, BC, Canada, 2: Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA

Publication date: 2009-11-01

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