IngentaConnect Validity in judgments of high- and low-accurate witnesses of own ...

Abstract:

PurposeResearch has shown that people often have difficulties estimating eyewitness accuracy correctly. In most previous studies examining validity in credibility judgments, participants have assessed the accuracy of witnesses who have been homogeneous in their memory performance. This study investigated validity in judgments of witnesses who varied widely in memory. A further purpose was to examine whether judgmental validity was moderated by the witnesses' ethnic in-group/out-group status.

MethodsParticipants (N=120) rated the reliability of videotaped testimonies of high- and low-accurate in-group (Swedish, N=4) and out-group (immigrants, N=4) witnesses who were genuinely trying to recall a criminal event.

ResultsParticipants assigned more reliability to high- than to low-accurate in-group witnesses, while out-group witnesses received low reliability ratings regardless of their actual memory performance. Path analyses demonstrated that the subjective confidence of in-group, but not of out-group, witnesses predicted participants' accuracy judgments.

ConclusionsThe results indicate that the validity in judgments of in-group witnesses can be better than has previously been implied. Investigators may have difficulty distinguishing high- and low-accurate witnesses from other ethnic groups, and they may also systematically underestimate the reliability of ethnic out-group witnesses. Implications for legal practices are discussed.

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Validity in judgments of high- and low-accurate witnesses of own and other ethnic groups