@article {Burnham:September 2002:0021-9630:713,
author = "Burnham, Melissa M.",
author = "Goodlin-Jones, Beth L.",
author = "Gaylor, Erika E.",
author = "Anders, Thomas F.",
title = "Nighttime sleep-wake patterns and self-soothing from birth to one year of age: a longitudinal intervention study",
journal = "Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines",
volume = "43",
year = "September 2002",
abstract = "Background: The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe the longitudinal development of sleep-wake patterns of solitary-sleeping infants from 1 to 12 months of age, (2) identify effects on sleep patterns and on self-soothing behaviors of introducing a novel sleep aid, and (3) identify predictive factors of self-soothing at 12 months using a transactional model as a guide. Methods: Eighty infants' nighttime sleep-wake patterns and associated variables were studied at 5 times across the first year of life using videosomnography and questionnaires. Results: Sleep-wake state developmental changes, as reported in investigations of infant sleep, were replicated, although a great deal of individual variability in the development of all sleep-related variables was noted. No major effects on sleep or on self-soothing behavior were evident from the introduction of the novel sleep aid. Three variables were identified as significant predictors of self-soothing at 12 months: decreasing amounts of time spent out of crib across the first year, high levels of quiet sleep at birth, and longer parental response times to infant awakenings at 3 months. Conclusions: These data lend preliminary support for the transactional model and suggest that infant and parental factors interact to influence the development of self-soothing.",
pages = "713-725(13)",
url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/jcpp/2002/00000043/00000006/art00004"
doi = "doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00076"
}