Author: THOMAS, JULIA ADENEY

Source: History and Theory, Volume 48, Number 4, December 2009 , pp. 151-168(18)

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Abstract:

In The Archaeology of Knowledge, Michel Foucault focuses on excavating discursive formations, but he acknowledges that a pre-discursive reality, “the enigmatic treasure of `things' anterior to discourse,” also exists. This divide between the pre-discursive and the discursive is straddled, I argue, by photographs as historians use them. The reason for photography's dual capacity lies with the complex nature of sight, which is both precognitive (primarily so, as neuroscience demonstrates), and also culturally encoded. Historians most commonly rely on mute sensuality; they place photographs in books with little comment, implying that some form of unmediated recognition is possible. Used in this way, photographs cannot serve as the basis for new analyses but may underscore the affective stance of historians toward their topics. Less commonly, historians interrogate photographs much like texts, locating them within the discourses through which they emerged. This strategy treats the experience of sight, in Joan Scott's words, as “an interpretation that needs to be interpreted.” Photographs seen as discursive objects may provide understanding of past political and social relations, but we lose any assurance that we can recognize and intuitively understand their subjects. In short, we risk blindness. I explore these two fundamentally different strategies for approaching photographs, using the concepts of recognition and excavation to examine an image made in 1946 by Japanese photographer Hayashi Tadahiko. Photographs, I argue, expose our dual relationship with the past, both visceral and cultural.

Keywords: photography; evidence; postwar Japan; Hayashi Tadahiko; Kimura Ihei; Domon Ken; neuroscience; recognition; discourse; excavation

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2009.00524.x

Affiliations: 1: University of Notre Dame

Publication date: 2009-12-01

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