Cultured Monkeys: Social Learning Cast in Stones

Authors: Huffman, Michael A.¹; Nahallage, Charmalie A.D.¹; Leca, Jean-Baptiste¹

Source: Current Directions in Psychological Science, Volume 17, Number 6, December 2008 , pp. 410-414(5)

Publisher: Blackwell Publishing

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Abstract:

Sixty years ago, the notion that animals could have culture was unthinkable to most behavioral scientists. Today, evidence for innovation, transmission, acquisition, long-term maintenance, and intergroup variation of behavior exists throughout the animal kingdom. What can the longitudinal and comparative study of monkeys handling stones tell us about how culture evolved in humans? Now in its 30th year, the systematic study of stone-handling behavior in multiple troops of Japanese macaques has shown that socially mediated learning is essential to explain the spread, persistence, and transformation of individual behavioral innovations among group members. The integrative research paradigm presented here can be applied to the study of various candidate behavioral traditions in other species.

Keywords: solitary object play; socially biased learning; development; behavioral tradition; cultural zones

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00616.x

Affiliations: 1: Section of Social Systems Evolution, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University

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