Comparing Exemplar- and Rule-Based Theories of Categorization

Authors: Rouder, Jeffrey N.¹; Ratcliff, Roger²

Source: Current Directions in Psychological Science, Volume 15, Number 1, February 2006 , pp. 9-13(5)

Publisher: Blackwell Publishing

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Abstract:

We address whether human categorization behavior is based on abstracted rules or stored exemplars. Although predictions of both theories often mimic each other in many designs, they can be differentiated. Experimental data reviewed does not support either theory exclusively. We find participants use rules when the stimuli are confusable and exemplars when they are distinct. By drawing on the distinction between simple stimuli (such as lines of various lengths) and complex ones (such as words and objects), we offer a dynamic view of category learning. Initially, categorization is based on rules. During learning, suitable features for discriminating stimuli may be gradually learned. Then, stimuli can be stored as exemplars and used to categorize novel stimuli without recourse to rules.

Keywords: human learning; categorization; perception

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00397.x

Affiliations: 1: University of Missouri-Columbia and 2: The Ohio State University

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