IngentaConnect Smooth Random Effects Distribution in a Linear Mixed Model

Authors: Wendimagegn Ghidey¹; Emmanuel Lesaffre; Paul Eilers²

Source: Biometrics, Volume 60, Number 4, December 2004 , pp. 945-953(9)

Abstract:

Summary.

A linear mixed model with a smooth random effects density is proposed. A similar approach to P-spline smoothing of Eilers and Marx (1996, Statistical Science11, 89–121) is applied to yield a more flexible estimate of the random effects density. Our approach differs from theirs in that the B-spline basis functions are replaced by approximating Gaussian densities. Fitting the model involves maximizing a penalized marginal likelihood. The best penalty parameters minimize Akaike's Information Criterion employing Gray's (1992, Journal of the American Statistical Association87, 942–951) results. Although our method is applicable to any dimensions of the random effects structure, in this article the two-dimensional case is explored. Our methodology is conceptually simple, and it is relatively easy to fit in practice and is applied to the cholesterol data first analyzed by Zhang and Davidian (2001, Biometrics57, 795–802). A simulation study shows that our approach yields almost unbiased estimates of the regression and the smoothing parameters in small sample settings. Consistency of the estimates is shown in a particular case.

Keywords: Penalized Gaussian mixture; P-splines; Smooth random effects distribution

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00250.x

Affiliations: 1: Biostatistical Centre, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucynenvoer 35, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium 2: Medical Statistics, University of Leiden, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands

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