Cultural Diversity in People's Understanding and Uses of Time

Authors: Brislin, Richard W.; Kim, Eugene S.1

Source: Applied Psychology An International Review, Volume 52, Number 3, July 2003 , pp. 363-382(20)

Publisher: Blackwell Publishing

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Abstract:

La mondialisation et les projets commerciaux internationaux mettent fréquemment en relation des personnes relevant de cultures différentes. Hall soutient que la gestion du temps est un `langage silencieux' qui affecte les conduites quiotidiennes. Les auteurs ont retenu dix concepts résumant l'impact de la culture sur les contact interculturels qui sont l'un des aspects des négociations dans les affaires internationales: 1. Le temps de l'horloge et celui de l'événement: respecte-t-on des programmes préétablis ou laisse-t-on l'événement suivre son cours naturel avant de passer à un autre événement? 2. La ponctualité: quel est le degré de sensibilité au non respect des horaires convenus? 3. La relation entre la tâche et le temps social pendant la journée de travail; 4. Se consacre-t-on à une seule activitéà la fois ou à plusieurs en même temps? 5. Efficience vs efficacité; 6. Un rythme de vie lent ou accélér; 7. Comment réagit-on aux longues périodes de silence? 8. Est-on plutôt tourné vers le passé, le présent ou l'avenir? 9. La dimension symbolique due temps; 10. L'importance respective du temps consacré au travail et aus loisirs. En s'appuyant sur ces dix concepts, les auteurs suggèrent quelques idées aux hommes d'affaires qui voyagent beaucoup dans des environnements culturels différents du leur et qui accepteur des séjours de longue durée dans l'autres pays.

The global economy and international business ventures have brought many occasions for the development of interpersonal relationships among people who were socialised into different cultures. People's use of time, according to Hall, is a “silent language” that affects their everyday behaviors. The authors identify ten concepts that summarise how culture affects intercultural interactions that are part of international business dealings: 1. Clock and event time: Do people follow set schedules or let the event take its natural course before moving to another event? 2. Punctuality: How sensitive are people to deviations from appointed times? 3. The relation between task and social time during the workday; 4. Whether people do one activity at a time or do many at once; 5. Efficiency vs. effectiveness; 6. Fast and slow paces of life; 7. How people deal with long periods of silence; 8. People's time orientation: past, present and the future; 9. The symbolic meaning of time; 10. Cultural differences in importance of work and leisure time. The authors also provide insights based on these ten concepts for business people who travel extensively to other cultures and who accept long-term assignments in other countries.

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/1464-0597.00140

Affiliations: 1: University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii

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