Freedom From, In and Through the State: T.H. Marshall's Trinity of Rights Revisited

Author: Bauman, Zygmunt

Source: Theoria, Volume 52, Number 108, December 2005 , pp. 13-27(15)

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Abstract:

Each one of T.H. Marshall's trinity of human rights rested on the state as, simultaneously, its birth place, executive manager and guardian. And no wonder. At the time Marshall tied personal, political and social freedoms into a historically determined succession of won/bestowed rights, the boundaries of the sovereign state marked the limits of what humans could contemplate, and what they thought they should jointly do, in order to make their world more user-friendly. The state enclosed territory was the site of private initiatives and public actions, as well as the arena on which private interests and public issues met, clashed and sought reconciliation. In all those respects, the realm of state sovereignty was presumed to be self-contained, selfassertive and self-sufficient.

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2005.5210803

Publication date: 2005-12-01

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Published in association with the Faculty of Humanities, Development and Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Theoria is an engaged, multidisciplinary and peer-reviewed journal of social and political theory. Its purpose is to address, through scholarly debate, the many challenges posed to intellectual life by the major social, political and economic forces that shape the contemporary world. Thus it is principally concerned with questions such as how modern systems of power, processes of globalization and capitalist economic organization bear on matters such as justice, democracy and truth.
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