Definitions of Metabolic Syndrome: Where are We Now?

Authors: Daskalopoulou, Stella S.; Athyros, Vassilis G.; Kolovou, Genovefa D.; Anagnostopoulou, Katherine K.; Mikhailidis, Dimitri P.

Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology, Volume 4, Number 3, July 2006 , pp. 185-197(13)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

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Abstract:

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia and is associated with an increased risk of vascular events. Since the initial description of the MetS, several expert groups produced different definitions. This variability led to confusion and absence of comparability between studies.

Although there is agreement that the MetS is a major public health challenge worldwide and consistent evidence stresses the need for intervention, the definition of the syndrome remains a matter of debate.

This review considers the different definitions of the MetS. These include those proposed by the World Health Organisation, the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance, the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, the American College of Endocrinology and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the latest International Diabetes Federation definition which includes ethnic-specific waist circumference cut-off points. These definitions share several features but also include important differences; all have limitations. Selected (after a Medline search) studies comparing the different definitions are also considered.

There is a need for a standardised definition of the MetS. Furthermore, a definition tailored for children and adolescents is essential. Prospective long-term studies are needed to validate the prognostic power of these definitions. As new information becomes available the definition of the MetS might be further modified.

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance syndrome; nsulin resistance; definition; vascular risk

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016106777698450

Affiliations: 1: Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free and University College Schoolof Medicine, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom.

Publication date: 2006-07-01

More about this publication?

Vascular disease is the commonest cause of death in Westernized countries and its incidence is on the increase in developing countries. It follows that considerable research is directed at establishing effective treatment for acute vascular events. Long-term treatment has also received considerable attention (e.g. for symptomatic relief). Furthermore, effective prevention, whether primary or secondary, is backed by the findings of several landmark trials.

Vascular disease is a complex field with primary care physicians and nurse practitioners as well as several specialties involved. The latter include cardiology, vascular and cardio thoracic surgery, general medicine, radiology, clinical pharmacology and neurology (stroke units). Current Vascular Pharmacology will publish reviews to update all those concerned with the treatment of vascular disease. For example, reviews commenting on recently published trials or new drugs will be included. In addition to clinically relevant topics we will consider 'research-based' reviews dealing with future developments and potential drug targets. Therefore, another function of Current Vascular Pharmacology is to bridge the gap between clinical practice and ongoing research.

Debates will also be encouraged in the correspondence section of this journal.

Definitions of Metabolic Syndrome: Where are We Now?

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