Persistent Psychosis from Toluene Exposure; More Likely Coincidence than Cause: A Review of our Experience and the Literature

Authors: Schaumburg, Herbert H.; Wade, Larry; Masur, David

Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews, Volume 3, Number 4, November 2007 , pp. 277-280(4)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

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Abstract:

Inhalant abuse of toluene is frequently accompanied by visual and auditory hallucinations that cease at varying intervals following withdrawal. One study of institutionalized abusers describes persistent hallucinations despite abstinence, with evolution into a “schizophreniform” psychosis. It is suggested that occupational exposure to toluene can have a similar outcome. Taken in concert with the credible neurological literature, our considerable experience with more than 30 cases of toluene abuse, 15 of toluene solvent mixture neurotoxicity, and of many with considerable workplace exposure indicates the combination of persistent psychosis and toluene inhalation does rarely occur. However, it is the chance coincidence of two relatively common conditions, toluene encephalopathy and underlying schizophrenia.

Keywords: Toluene; schizophreniform; schizophrenia; hallucination; abuse; psychosis

Document Type: Research article

Publication date: 2007-11-01

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Current Psychiatry Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances on clinical psychiatry and its related areas e.g. pharmacology, epidemiology, clinical care, and therapy. The journal's aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all clinicians, psychiatrists and researchers in psychiatry.