Carbohydrate Based Vaccines

Authors: Kuberan B.; Linhardt R.J.

Source: Current Organic Chemistry, Volume 4, Number 6, June 2000 , pp. 653-677(25)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

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Abstract:

Vaccination is the most cost-efficient and the most powerful medical intervention in the control, prevention and eradication of many diseases that affect human population. Capsular polysaccharide based vaccines have been in use for many decades providing immunity against various bacterial infections. The advent of new efficient and sensitive analytical and synthetic methods in carbohydrate chemistry, together with our increased understanding of glycobiology and glycoim-munology, makes the development of carbohydrate based vaccines against various cancers possible. This review article describes the biological basis of vaccination and summarizes the recent progress in the development of carbohydrate based glycoconjugate vaccines with particular emphasis on structure, function and chemistry of glycoconjugates.

Keywords: Carbohydrate based vaccines; Capsular polysaccharide; Glycobiology; Glycoimmunology; Immunization; Innate immunity; Immune system; Membrane attack complex; Interferons; Acquired immunity; T cell receptor; major histocompatibility complex; Antigen presenting cells; Humoral immunity; Cell mediated immunity; Bacterial infections; Glycoconjugates; Rational conjugate design; Conjugate chemistry; Capsular polysaccharides; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Pneumococcal disease; Neisseria meningitidis; Meningitis