Home >> Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 19, Number 33

Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs with Active Metabolites (N-, O-, and S-desalkylation and Some Specific Oxidative Alterations)

Authors: Ram, N.; Kalasz, H.; Adeghate, E.; Darvas, F.; Hashemi, F.; Tekes, K.

Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 19, Number 33, November 2012 , pp. 5683-5704(22)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

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Abstract:

Metabolic fate plays an important role in the elimination of drugs and other foreign compounds from the body. Metabolism through various enzyme systems, makes the parent compound more hydrophilic, thus, it can be readily excreted from the body. Some active metabolites of drugs are produced following N-, O-, and S-desalkylation. These metabolites are either more or less potent, or as potent as their parent drugs. The removal of alkyl groups from tertiary aliphatic and acyclic amines is carried out by hepatic cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase enzymes. Several drugs undergo this process, which yields free hydroxyl-, or amino-groups, in addition to aldehyde from the splitted alkyl group. Metabolism of drugs into clinically active compounds indicates an extra target of therapeutic drug monitoring. Numerical data of logP values show how lipophilicity changes through metabolism to facilitate excretion. The example of phenacetin - paracetamol opened up a way for improving pharmacological effect by the use of a metabolite. This review gives a detailed description of these drugs, their active and major metabolites found in humans or animals, metabolizing cytochrome P450s, and the most recent analytical methods for their determination.
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  • Current Medicinal Chemistry covers all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design. Each issue contains a series of timely in-depth reviews written by leaders in the field covering a range of the current topics in medicinal chemistry. Current Medicinal Chemistry is an essential journal for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments.
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