Authors: Naithani, Rajesh; Huma, Loredana C.; Moriarty, Robert M.; McCormick, David L.; Mehta, Rajendra G.

Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 15, Number 11, May 2008 , pp. 1044-1071(28)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Abstract:

Cancer chemoprevention refers to the use of pharmacological agents to inhibit, delay or reverse the multi-step process of carcinogenesis. The last two decades in particular have witnessed explosive growth in this emerging field of cancer chemoprevention. Extensive efforts to evaluate possible application of various chemopreventive agents, in individuals at high risk of neoplastic development have been carried out. Epidemiological studies suggest a protective role of several agents in reducing the risk of cancer. The protective action of all these agents is explained as a combination of various proposed mechanisms involving anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory action, apoptosis induction, molecular association with carcinogen, cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation induction, antimicrobial effect, and anti- angiogenesis etc. Large numbers of candidate substances such as phytochemicals and their synthetic derivatives have been identified by a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies in a wide range of biological assays. However, a comprehensive description of these chemopreventive agents has not been extensively reviewed. In this review we discuss cancer chemopreventive agents in relation to their source, efficacy in cancer chemopreventive action in vivo and epidemiological data. The experimental carcinogenesis studies in different biological models, in addition to the contribution from our laboratory are summarized.

Keywords: Cancer chemoprevention; flavonoids; phytochemicals; phase trials; mechanisms; epidemiology

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: Drug Discovery Division, IIT Research Institute, 10 W. 35th Street Chicago, IL 60616, USA.

Publication date: 2008-05-01

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• Current Medicinal Chemistry covers all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design. Each issue contains a series of timely in-depth reviews written by leaders in the field covering a range of the current topics in medicinal chemistry. Current Medicinal Chemistry is an essential journal for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments.

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