Authors: Kenneth Maiese,; Zhao Zhong Chong,; Yan Chen Shang,

Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 14, Number 16, July 2007 , pp. 1729-1738(10)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant healthcare concern worldwide that affects more than 165 million individuals leading to cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and widespread disease of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The incidence of undiagnosed diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose levels raises future concerns in regards to the financial and patient care resources that will be necessary to care for patients with DM. Interestingly, disease of the nervous system can become one of the most debilitating complications and affect sensitive cognitive regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus that modulates memory function, resulting in significant functional impairment and dementia. Oxidative stress forms the foundation for the induction of multiple cellular pathways that can ultimately lead to both the onset and subsequent complications of DM. In particular, novel pathways that involve metabotropic receptor signaling, protein-tyrosine phosphatases, Wnt proteins, Akt, GSK-3β, and forkhead transcription factors may be responsible for the onset and progression of complications form DM. Further knowledge acquired in understanding the complexity of DM and its ability to impair cellular systems throughout the body will foster new strategies for the treatment of DM and its complications.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Akt; Alzheimer's disease; diabetes; erythropoietin; Forkhead; FOXO; glycogen synthase kinase; metabotropic; mitochondria

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707781058968

Affiliations: 1: Department of Neurology, 8C-1 UHC, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 St. Antoine,Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

Publication date: 2007-07-01

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• Current Medicinal Chemistry covers all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design. Each issue contains a series of timely in-depth reviews written by leaders in the field covering a range of the current topics in medicinal chemistry. Current Medicinal Chemistry is an essential journal for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments.

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