Authors: Suzuki, Takayoshi; Miyata, Naoki

Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 12, Number 24, November 2005 , pp. 2867-2880(14)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Abstract:

A number of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been developed as anticancer agents and most of them are hydroxamic acid derivatives, typified by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), Trichostatin A (TSA) and NVP-LAQ824. However, hydroxamic acids have been associated with poor pharmacokinetics and severe toxicity. In addition, although isozyme-selective HDAC inhibitors are considered useful not only as tools for probing the biology of an enzyme but as drugs with low toxicity, many of the hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors do not distinguish well among the HDAC isozymes. Thus, there has been considerable interest in developing non-hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors. To date, small fatty acids, oaminoanilides, electrophilic ketones, N-formyl hydroxylamines, thiols and mercaptoamides have been reported as non-hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors, and some of them show antiproliferative activity comparable to hydroxamates. Interestingly, hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors such as SAHA and TSA do not discriminate well among the HDAC isozymes whereas many non-hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors have shown selectivity. These non-hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors should pave the way for the development of tools for biological research and new medicines with few side effects. In this review, we introduce non-hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors describing their design, enzyme inhibition, cancer cell growth inhibition and isozyme selectivity.

Keywords: histone deacetylase; inhibitor; hydroxamic acid; non-hydroxamate; zinc protein; drug design; anticancer agent; isozyme selectivity

Document Type: Review article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986705774454706

Affiliations: 1: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.

Publication date: 2005-11-01

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• Current Medicinal Chemistry covers all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design. Each issue contains a series of timely in-depth reviews written by leaders in the field covering a range of the current topics in medicinal chemistry. Current Medicinal Chemistry is an essential journal for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments.

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