Factors Affecting Sexual Transmission of HIV-1: Current Evidence and Implications for Prevention

Author: Chan, Derek J.¹

Source: Current HIV Research, Volume 3, Number 3, July 2005 , pp. 223-241(19)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

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Abstract:

The predominant mode of HIV-1 transmission globally is from sexual practices. The risk of HIV-1 transmission by sexual means is a function of infectivity, susceptibility and mode of transmission (type of sexual practice). In addition, transmission may be significantly increased or decreased by factors relating to the HIV-1 per se, sexual behaviour, other sexually transmissible infections (STIs), antiretroviral therapy (ART), spermicidal microbicides and HIV-1 vaccines, the host immune system, genital anatomy and nutritional deficiencies. Current research into the factors affecting sexual transmission of HIV-1 appears to benefit developed nations more than developing nations because of structured public health systems and the capacity to translate research findings into prevention strategies. A redistribution of global aid funding would do much to alleviate the pandemic in developed countries.

Keywords: HIV-1 transmission; spermicidal microbicides; sexually transmissible infections (STIs)

Document Type: Review article

DOI: 10.2174/1570162054368075

Affiliations: 1: lbion Street Centre, 150-154 Albion Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.

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