NAD(P)H Oxidase Activation: A Potential Target Mechanism for Diabetic Vascular Complications, Progressive bgr-Cell Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome

Authors: Inoguchi, Toyoshi1; Nawata, Hajime1

Source: Current Drug Targets, Volume 6, Number 4, June 2005 , pp. 495-501(7)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

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Abstract:

Both protein kinase C (PKC) activation and increased oxidative stress have been paid attention to as important causative factors for diabetic vascular complications. In this article, we show a PKC-dependent increase in oxidative stress in vascular tissues of diabetes and insulin resistant state. High glucose level and free fatty acids stimulate de novo diacylglycerol (DAG)-PKC pathway and subsequently stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through a PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase. Increasing evidence has also shown that NAD(P)H oxidase components are upregulated in micro- and macro- vascular tissues of animal models and patients of diabetes and obesity. It is also noted that increased intrinsic angiotensin II production may amplify such a PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in diabetic vascular tissues. These mechanisms may play an important role in the diabetic vascular complications and the accelerated atherosclerosis associated with diabetes and obesity. In addition, recent reports have shown that NAD(P)H oxidases exist in pancreatic bgr-cells and adipocytes, and this oxidase-generated ROS production may play an important role in both the progressive bgr-cell dysfunction and the dysregulated adipocytokine production and subsequent obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that an NAD(P)H oxidase activation may be a useful therapeutic target for preventing diabetic vascular complications, progressive bgr-cell dysfunction and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: nad(p)h oxidase; oxidative stress; protein kinase c; diabetic complications; atherosclerosis; cell; adipocyte; metabolic syndrome

Document Type: Review article

DOI: 10.2174/1389450054021927

Affiliations: 1: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

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