Authors: Stojanovska, Lily; Honisett, Suzy Y.; Komesaroff, Paul A.

Source: Current Diabetes Reviews, Volume 3, Number 1, February 2007 , pp. 67-74(8)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Abstract:

The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) rosiglitazone (ROS) and pioglitazone (PIO) are insulin-sensitising agents widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thiazolidinediones significantly improve glycaemic control in diabetics by reduced fasting glucose, insulin and glycated haemoglobin and they delay the progression of insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance into T2DM. It is well recognized that adequate glycaemic control and subsequent amelioration of hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia can delay the onset of vascular complications. TZDs, however, also have a number of anti-atherogenic effects independent of their influences on glucose and insulin metabolism. They improve lipid profiles, lower blood pressure, have anti-inflammatory properties, improve endothelial function and increase large artery compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. When compared to rosiglitazone, pioglitazone has more favourable effects on the lipid profiles of patients with T2DM. The disease preventive actions of TZDs may be the result of their agonistic effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of numerous genes and affect metabolism and vascular parameters.

Thiazolidinediones, provide an effective treatment for populations with insulin resistance which is at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This paper discusses the differences between ROS and PIO and explores their antiatherogenic effects with particular focus on post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Diabetes; Thiazolidinediones; Lipids; Endothelium; Menopause

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339907779802058

Affiliations: 1: Biomedical Sciences, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne Vic 8001, Australia.

Publication date: 2007-02-01

More about this publication?

• Current Diabetes Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances on diabetes and its related areas e.g. pharmacology, pathogenesis, complications, epidemiology, clinical care, and therapy.
  
  The journal's aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians who are involved in the field of diabetes.

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