Transcriptional Regulation of Glucose Sensors in Pancreatic β Cells and Liver

Authors: Im, Seung-Soon; Kim, So-Youn; Kim, Ha-il; Ahn, Yong-Ho

Source: Current Diabetes Reviews, Volume 2, Number 1, February 2006 , pp. 11-18(8)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

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Abstract:

Derangement of glucose metabolism is a key feature of T2DM, with the liver and pancreatic β-cells playing a key role in glucose homeostasis. In the postprandial state, glucose is transported into hepatocytes and either metabolized to fatty acids or CO2, or stored as glycogen. Glucose also acts as a key signal in pancreatic β-cells for regulating insulin secretion. Because GLUT2 and GK expressed in liver and β-cells are responsible for sensing glucose levels in the blood, studies on the regulation of these biomolecules are important in understanding glucose homeostasis in vivo. These molecules are known to be regulated either transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally, and recent studies on the structure and function of promoters of these genes have revealed the involvement of various transcriptional factors in their regulation. Here, we review recent progress in elucidating the transcriptional regulation of glucose sensors in the liver and pancreatic β-cells and the relevance to T2DM.

Keywords: Type 2 glucose transporter isoform (GLUT2); Glucokinase (GK); Glucose sensor; Transcription; Liver; Pancreatic βcells

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.

Publication date: 2006-02-01

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Current Diabetes Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances on diabetes and its related areas e.g. pharmacology, pathogenesis, complications, epidemiology, clinical care, and therapy.

The journal's aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians who are involved in the field of diabetes.

Transcriptional Regulation of Glucose Sensors in Pancreatic β Cells and Liver

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