Author: Goren, H. J.

Source: Current Diabetes Reviews, Volume 1, Number 3, November 2005 , pp. 309-330(22)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Abstract:

Diabetes is on the increase worldwide and greater than 90% are type 2. There are two features to type 2 diabetes: muscle, fat and liver tissues are insulin resistant and cells lose the ability to secrete insulin. Prior to developing diabetes, however, insulin resistant individuals lose the first-phase insulin secretion response. Transgenic mice lacking insulin receptors in their cells have no first-phase response. Primary cultures of mouse islets pre-exposed to anti-insulin do not exhibit a first-phase insulin secretion response. That is, cells, like muscle, fat, and liver, are an insulin sensitive tissue and in the presence of insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes), in the absence of insulin receptors (transgenic mice lacking cell insulin receptors), or in the absence of constitutively secreted insulin (anti-insulin treatment), cells are unable to respond properly to post-prandial glucose. The purpose of this report is to review our understanding of the glucose-stimulus response and of insulin signaling, and to suggest why the latter may be necessary for the former to proceed.

Keywords: insulin signaling; islet glucose oxidation; pyruvate dehydrogenase; glucokinase; anti-insulin inhibition of insulin secretion; b cell communication; constitutively secreted insulin

Document Type: Review article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339905774574301

Affiliations: 1: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.

Publication date: 2005-11-01

More about this publication?

• Current Diabetes Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances on diabetes and its related areas e.g. pharmacology, pathogenesis, complications, epidemiology, clinical care, and therapy.
  
  The journal's aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians who are involved in the field of diabetes.

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