Induction of CYP1A1. The AhR / DRE Paradigm Transcription, Receptor Regulation, and Expanding Biological Roles

Author: Ma Q.

Source: Current Drug Metabolism, Volume 2, Number 2, June 2001 , pp. 149-164(16)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Abstract:

The CYP1A1 gene encodes microsomal cytochrome P4501A1 that catalyzes the metabolism of many xenobiotics, including the oxygenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Induction of CYP1A1 enhances the metabolism of PAHs, and therefore, represents an adaptive response to chemical exposure in mammalian cells. Mechanistic studies reveal an AhR / DRE paradigm for the induction, which involves activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by an agonist, dimerization of AhR with the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt), followed by binding of the AhR / Arnt heterodimer to the dioxin-responsive enhancer (DRE) and transcription of the gene. The AhR mediated transcription is tightly regulated through, at least, two mechanisms (a) the cytoplasmic AhR interacts with hsp90 and an immunophilin chaperone AIP for proper folding and receptivity, and (b) the agonist-activated, nuclear AhR is degraded through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome mediated protein turnover, such that the transcription by AhR is controlled at a physiologically adequate level. In addition to CYP1A1 induction, AhR mediates a broad range of biological responses to CYP1A1 inducers, typified by the environmental contaminant dioxin, via modulating gene expression. Thus, mechanistic studies of CYP1A1 induction have provided insights into P450 induction, PAH carcinogenesis, dioxin action, AhR function, and receptor-mediated mammalian gene expression.

Keywords: CYP1A1; microsomal cytochrome P4501A1; Ubiquitin-26S Proteasome; Ecto-ATPase; MHC Q1; Dioxin; Hypoxia; bHLH/PAS Proteins

Language: English

Document Type: Review article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200013338603

Publication date: 2001-06-01

• Current Drug Metabolism aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments in drug metabolism and disposition. The journal serves as an international forum for the publication of timely reviews in drug metabolism. Current Drug Metabolism is an essential journal for academic, clinical, government and pharmaceutical scientists who wish to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments. The journal covers the following areas:
  
  In vitro systems including CYP-450; enzyme induction and inhibition; drug-drug interactions and enzyme kinetics; pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, species scaling and extrapolations; P-glycoprotein and transport carriers; target organ toxicity and interindividual variability; drug metabolism and disposition studies; extrahepatic metabolism; phase I and phase II metabolism; recent developments for the identification of drug metabolites and adducts.

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