Authors: Guillermo Peralta, Jorge; Jose Poderoso, Juan

Source: Current Cardiology Reviews, Volume 2, Number 3, August 2006 , pp. 193-204(12)

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Abstract:

Nitric oxide (.NO) regulates mitochondrial oxygen uptake through reversible high-affinity binding to heme and Cu2+ centers of cytochrome oxidase, and sets adaptive responses to changes in blood flow, O2 availability and hypoxia, thyroid disorders, endotoxemia and cold adaptation. Moreover, subcellular traffic of.NO synthases (NOS) participates in the adjustment of mechanical cardiac efficiency. In isolated beating rat hearts,.NO and bradykinin promote a dosedependent decrease of myocardial O2 uptake and coronary perfusion pressure, without significant variations of the developed left ventricular pressure. Also, in human hearts.NO from NOS isoforms tunes mechanical performance. On these bases, NOS traffic to mitochondria acquires physiological significance. In liver and heart, mitochondrial NOS (mtNOS) was identified as the neuronal isoform (nNOSα) with postranslational modifications. This new class of NOS spatial confinement leads cells to save energy under particular circumstances. Likewise, thyroid status reciprocally regulates mtNOS expression and.NO yield, while it linearly regulates mitochondrial respiration and systemic oxygen uptake. In rats exposed to cold, a clear contribution of.NO from mtNOS to modulation of.VO2 and redistribution of energy expenditure was reported. We conclude that.NOS traffic and mtNOS activity are natural mechanisms to link mitochondria and cardiovascular responses to environmental and endogenously mediated challenges

Keywords: Modulation of oxygen uptake; oxygen delivery; hypoxia; mechanoenergetic coupling; thyroid status; and cold acclimation

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340306778019423

Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas Jose de San Martin, Cordoba 2351 4° piso,University Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, 1120 Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Publication date: 2006-08-01

More about this publication?

• Current Cardiology Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances on the practical and clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. All relevant areas are covered by the journal including arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, drugs, methodology, pacing, and preventive cardiology. The journal's aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians in cardiology.

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