Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks

Author: Etzkowitz H.

Source: Science and Public Policy, Volume 29, Number 2, 1 April 2002 , pp. 115-128(14)

Publisher: Beech Tree Publishing

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Abstract:

The shift of university–industry linkages from a linear to an interactive innovation model is visible especially in the history of the university business incubator. Transcending the production and dissemination of research, incubated knowledge increasingly lies behind new products and new firms. Incubators have developed technology and business ideas into an array of firms and to form research centers by fusing heterogeneous R&D entities from university, government and industry. Further transformation of university–industry linkages are in the parallel evolution of incubator from an isolated to a networked entity. As these developments are supported by changes in the regulatory environment and by government funding programs, this pairing becomes university–industry–government interactions.

Language: English

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.3152/147154302781781056

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