Authors: Chen, Lung Chi¹; Quan, Chunli¹; Hwang, Jing Shiang²; Jin, Ximei¹; Li, Qiang¹; Zhong, Mianhua¹; Rajagopalan, Sanjay³; Sun, Qinghua⁴

Source: Inhalation Toxicology, Volume 22, Number 6, May 2010 , pp. 449-459(11)

Publisher: Informa Healthcare

Abstract:

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and ambient air fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) are both complex mixtures that have important adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Although exposures to these complex mixtures have been studied individually, direct comparisons between the two has not been performed. In this study, the authors employed a novel, noninvasive ultrasound biomicroscopy method (UBM) to assess the effects of long-term, low-concentration inhalations of side-stream smoke (SS) and concentrated ambient PM_2.5 (CAPs) on plaque progression. ApoE^−/− mice (n = 8/group) on high-fat chow (HFC), or normal chow (NC), were exposed to SS (PM = 450 µg/m³) or filtered air (FA) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months; CAPs exposure was at 134 µg/m³ (NC only). Mortality during the SS exposure was greater in the HFC than in the NC, and SS significantly enhanced the effects of diet. No mortality was observed in CAPs-exposed mice. At 4 and 6 months, SS produced the greatest change in plaque area in the left common carotid artery (CCA) in HFC as compared to FA or NC, but not in the brachiocephalic artery. In contrast, CAPs exposure significantly enhanced plaque areas in brachiocephalic and left CCA at 3 and 6 months of exposure. The effect of SS was comparable in magnitude to that produced by CAPs at an average PM_2.5 mass concentration that was only 30% as high. In light of the employment of the same animal model, uniform inhalation exposure protocols, time schedules, a noninvasive monitoring protocol, and a parallel study design, these findings have broad applicability.

Keywords: Concentrated ambient particles; environmental tobacco smoke; cardiovascular disease; atherosclerosis ultrasound imaging

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958370903373845

Affiliations: 1: 1Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA 2: 2Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 3: 4Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 4: 3Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

Publication date: 2010-05-01

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