Authors: Lenz E. M.¹; Lindon J. C.¹; Nicholson J. K.¹; Weeks J. M.²; Osborn D.

Source: Xenobiotica, Volume 32, Number 6, 1 June 2002 , pp. 535-546(12)

Publisher: Informa Healthcare

Abstract:

1. The metabolic fate of the model ecotoxin 3-trifluoromethylaniline (3-TFMA) in earthworm was studied by ¹⁹F- and directly coupled ¹⁹F/¹H-HPLC-NMR spectroscopy. Earthworms of Eisenia veneta spp. were subjected to the ecotoxin during a filter papercontact toxicity test at exposure levels of 1000, 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 µg cm^-2. A metabolic profile was obtained previously by ¹⁹F-NMR spectroscopy and metabolites were observed at all the exposure levels.

2. Identification of metabolites in individual worm extracts at the (lethal) exposure levels of 1000 and 100 µg cm^-2 could be achieved on-line without sample preparation by ¹⁹F/¹H-HPLC-NMR spectroscopy. ¹⁹F-HPLC-NMR spectroscopy was used in the continuous-flow mode, which enabled the HPLC chromatographic retention times (t_R) of the metabolites to be established in a single analytical step.

3. In total, three ¹⁹F-NMR signals could be detected, of which one was identified as the parent compound. Two earlier eluting metabolites were identified to be - and -glucoside conjugates of 3-TFMA.

4. Metabolites at the lower (sublethal) exposure levels of 10, 1 and 0.1 µg cm^-2 escaped identification by ¹⁹F/¹H-HPLC-NMR spectroscopy as outlined here and will require concentration prior to analysis.

Language: English

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: Biological Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK 2: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon PE17 2LS, UK

Publication date: 2002-06-01

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