Authors: Jani, Rucha¹; Triplitt, Curtis²; Reasner, Charles³; DeFronzo, Ralph A⁴

Source: Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, Volume 4, Number 1, January 2007 , pp. 63-76(14)

Publisher: Informa Healthcare

Abstract:

The long-term benefits of tight glycemic control in preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications are well established in both Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM). Nonetheless, achievement of recommended haemoglobin A1c (HbA_1c) goals (≤ 6.5 - 7.0%) has remained elusive, especially in patients with diabetes who require insulin therapy. Delayed/suboptimal titration of insulin is partly related to poor acceptance of multiple injection regimen by both physicians and patients. EXUBERA^® (human insulin [rDNA origin]; Pfizer), the first approved inhaled insulin for the treatment of diabetic patients, has been shown to be safe and as effective as regular/rapidly acting insulin in improving glycemic control. In addition to controlling postprandial glucose excursions, EXUBERA exerts a major action to reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration. Thus, it has the potential to be used as a monotherapy in Type 2 DM, as well as in combination with an insulin sensitizer in Type 2 DM or in combination with long-acting insulin in both Type 2 DM and Type 1 DM.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; EXUBERA; glycemic control; inhaled insulin

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.4.1.63

Affiliations: 1: 1Clinical Endocrinology Fellow, University of Texas Health Science Center, Diabetes Division, 7703 Floyd C Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA 2: 2Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine/Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, Diabetes Division, 7703 Floyd C Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA 3: 3Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Diabetes Division, 7703 Floyd C Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA 4: 4Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Diabetes Division, 7703 Floyd C Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA., Email: albarado@uthscsa.edu

Publication date: 2007-01-01

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