Adipose Development: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte

Authors: Otto, Tamara; Lane, M.

Source: Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Volume 40, Number 4, July-August 2005 , pp. 229-242(14)

Publisher: Informa Healthcare

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Abstract:

Cell culture models have been developed to study commitment and subsequent differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 commits mesenchymal stem cells to the adipose lineage. Other factors, including Wnt signaling, cell density, and cell shape, play a role in lineage commitment. Following commitment to the adipose lineage, growth-arrested preadipocytes can differentiate to adipocytes by treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1, glucocorticoid and an agent that increases cAMP level. This process is characterized by a rapid and transient increase in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) beta

and synchronous re-entry into the cell cycle. Acquisition of DNA-binding by C/EBP beta

occurs after the transcription factor becomes phosphorylated. The cells enter a growth-arrested state and begin terminal differentiation. C/EBP agr

, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

, and adipocyte determination, and differentiation-dependent factor 1 coordinate the expression of genes that create and maintain the adipocyte phenotype.