Perspective on Mutagenesis and Repair: The Standard Model and Alternate Modes of Mutagenesis

Author: Miller, Jeffrey

Source: Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Volume 40, Number 3, May-June 2005 , pp. 155-179(25)

Publisher: Informa Healthcare

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Abstract:

The basic ideas of replication, mutagenesis, and repair have outlined a picture of how point mutations occur that has provided a valuable framework for theory and experiment, much as the Standard Model of particle physics has done for our concept of fundamental particles. However, alternative modes of mutagenesis are being defined that are changing our perspective of the “Standard Model” of mutagenesis, requiring an expanded model. The genome is now envisioned as being in dynamic equilibrium between a multitude of forces for mutational change and forces that counteract such change. By maintaining a delicate balance between these forces, cells avoid unwanted or excessive mutations. Yet, cells allow mutagenesis to occur under certain conditions. We can define an emerging paradigm. Namely, mechanisms exist that can direct point mutations to specific designated genes or regions of genes. In some cases, this is achieved by specific enzymes, and in other cases high mutability is programmed into the sequence of certain genes to help generate diversity. In yet additional cases, general mutability is increased under stress, and selective forces allow the recovery of favorable mutants.

Keywords: mutagenesis; repair; standard model; alternate pathways; directed mutations

Document Type: Research article

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10409230590954153

Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Publication date: 2005-05-01

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