Brain IL-1 Increases Neutrophil and Decreases Lymphocyte Counts through Stimulation of Neuroimmune Pathways

Authors: Woiciechowsky C.¹; Schöning B.¹; Daberkow N.¹; Asche K.¹; Lanksch W.R.¹; Döcke W-D.²; Volk H-D.²

Source: Neurobiology of Disease, Volume 6, Number 3, June 1999 , pp. 200-208(9)

Publisher: Academic Press

Abstract:

Leukocytosis after cerebral injury is well described and may participate in the generation of cerebral damage. However, the mechanisms of brain-induced leukocytosis are still speculative. Since it is known that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in neuroimmunomodulation and since others and we have demonstrated high cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid following injury, we supposed that brain cytokines may also influence leukocyte counts. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we established an animal model using continuous intracerebroventricular (icv), intrahypothalamic (ih), or intravenous infusion of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and IL-1. Controls received vehicle solution. With this experimental paradigm we could show that icv and ih infusion of IL-1 but not TNF- dramatically increased neutrophil counts, whereas lymphocytes dropped. Blocking the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis by hypophysectomy abolished the neutrophilia, whereas the lymphopenia remained unchanged. Furthermore, application of the ₂-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol prevented the decrease of lymphocytes and diminished the neutrophilia. All parameters normalized within 48 h after termination of infusion. So, our results demonstrate that brain IL-1 can modify blood leukocyte counts through stimulation of both the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the HPA axis.Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Language: English

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, D-13353 2: Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Campus Mitte, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, D-10098, Germany

Publication date: 1999-06-01

• In this: publication
• By this: publisher
• In this Subject: Neurology & Psychiatry
• By this author: Woiciechowsky C. ;  Schöning B. ;  Daberkow N. ;  Asche K. ;  Lanksch W.R. ;  Döcke W-D. ;  Volk H-D.

Website © Publishing Technology. Article copyright remains with the publisher, society or author(s) as specified within the article.

• Terms and conditions
• Privacy policy
• Information for advertisers