On the Origin of Sex as Vaccination

Author: STERRER W.

Source: Journal of Theoretical Biology, Volume 216, Number 4, June 2002 , pp. 387-396(10)

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Abstract:

In the theory of the origin of sex as vaccination, I propose that the eukaryote genome accreted from prokaryan symbiont genomes in numerous rounds of lateral gene transfer during which sex diverged from unilateral parasitic infection, as an increasingly ritualized, reciprocal vaccination against superinfection. Sex-as-syngamy (fusion sex) arose when infected proto-eukaryan hosts began swapping nuclearized genomes containing coevolved, vertically transmitted (“attenuated”) symbionts that conveyed protection against horizontal superinfection by more virulent symbionts. Sex-as-meiosis (fission sex) evolved as a host strategy to uncouple (and thereby emasculate) the acquired symbiont genomes. The chimeric nature, distribution over discrete chromosomes, and mosaic composition of the eukaryan nuclear genome derive from multiple rounds of acquiring and uncoupling prokaryan genomes. Genome compatibility-based recognition of self and mates came to define sex, mate choice, and the biological species. By generating unique individuality, sex now persists as an elaborate (hence tamper-proof) periodic device for an organism to thwart both endo- and exogenous challengers, and stay ahead of an environment whose capriciousness may largely result from the success of its own forebears. Bella gerant alii—Tu felix Austria nube!May all others make war –You, lucky Austria, marry!(in reference to the House of Habsburg's way of amassing an empire)Divide et impera! Divide and rule!(attributed to Louis XI of France by Prosper Mé rimée)Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Language: English

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: The Bermuda Aquarium, Bermuda Natural History Museum, Flatts, FLBX, Bermuda

Publication date: 2002-06-01