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The American Economic Review is a general-interest economics journal. The journal is published quarterly and contains articles on a broad range of topics. Established in 1911, the AER is among the nation's oldest and most respected scholarly journals in the economics profession.

Publisher: American Economic Association

Volume 99, Number 2, May 2009
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Foreword

Foreword
pp. ix-ix(1)
Author: Deaton, Angus

Editors' Introduction

Editors' Introduction
pp. viii-viii(1)
Authors: Johnson, William R.; Voros, Jane E.

Papers: Richard T. Ely Lecture

Immigration and Inequality
pp. 1-21(21)
Author: Card, David

Papers: US Immigration Issues

The Demography of Mexican Migration to the United States
pp. 22-27(6)
Authors: Hanson, Gordon H.; McIntosh, Craig

Do Immigrants and Their Children Free Ride More Than Natives?
pp. 28-34(7)
Authors: Osili, Una Okonkwo; Xie, Jia

Immigration And Poverty In The United States
pp. 41-44(4)
Authors: Raphael, Steven; Smolensky, Eugene

Papers: The Skill Content of Jobs and the Evolution of the Wage Structure

New Evidence on the Returns to Job Skills
pp. 52-57(6)
Authors: Abraham, Katharine G.; Spletzer, James R.

Job Polarization in Europe
pp. 58-63(6)
Authors: Goos, Maarten; Manning, Alan; Salomons, Anna

Papers: Data Watch: Implementation of a New Architecture for the US National Accounts

Implementation of a New Architecture for the US National Accounts
pp. 64-68(5)
Authors: Jorgenson, Dale W.; Landefeld, Steven J.

Integrated GDP-Productivity Accounts
pp. 74-79(6)
Authors: Harper, Michael J.; Moulton, Brent R.; Rosenthal, Steven; Wasshausen, David B.

Papers: Data Watch: Data Initiatives

Egalitarianism and Competitiveness
pp. 93-98(6)
Authors: Bartling, Björn; Fehr, Ernst; Maréchal, Michel André; Schunk, Daniel

Are Two Cheap, Noisy Measures Better Than One Expensive, Accurate One?
pp. 99-103(5)
Authors: Browning, Martin; Crossley, Thomas

Papers: Health and Wealth

Early Life Health and Cognitive Function in Old Age
pp. 104-109(6)
Authors: Case, Anne; Paxson, Christina

Life Expectancy and Old Age Savings
pp. 110-115(6)
Authors: De Nardi, Mariacristina; French, Eric; Jones, John Bailey

Approaches to Estimating the Health State Dependence of the Utility Function
pp. 116-121(6)
Authors: Finkelstein, Amy; Luttmer, Erzo F.P.; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.

Papers: The Economy and Health

Why Are Recessions Good for Your Health?
pp. 122-127(6)
Authors: Miller, Douglas L.; Page, Marianne E.; Stevens, Ann Huff; Filipski, Mateusz

Average Earnings and Long-Term Mortality: Evidence from Administrative Data
pp. 133-138(6)
Authors: Sullivan, Daniel; von Wachter, Till

Papers: Human Capital Acquisition and Entrepreneurship

Time-Use Patterns and Women Entrepreneurs
pp. 139-144(6)
Authors: Gurley-Calvez, Tami; Biehl, Amelia; Harper, Katherine

How Do Remittances Affect Human Capital Formation of School-Age Boys and Girls?
pp. 145-148(4)
Authors: Bansak, Cynthia; Chezum, Brian

Motherhood Delay and the Human Capital of the Next Generation
pp. 154-158(5)
Author: Miller, Amalia R.

Papers: The Psychology of Food Consumption

Strategies for Promoting Healthier Food Choices
pp. 159-164(6)
Authors: Downs, Julie S.; Loewenstein, George; Wisdom, Jessica

Mindless Eating and Healthy Heuristics for the Irrational
pp. 165-169(5)
Authors: Wansink, Brian; Just, David R.; Payne, Collin R.

Time Use and Food Consumption
pp. 170-176(7)
Authors: Bertrand, Marianne; Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore

Papers: Air Pollution and Health around the World

Fetal Exposures to Toxic Releases and Infant Health
pp. 177-183(7)
Authors: Currie, Janet; Schmieder, Johannes F.

Winter Heating or Clean Air? Unintended Impacts of China's Huai River Policy
pp. 184-190(7)
Authors: Almond, Douglas; Chen, Yuyu; Greenstone, Michael; Li, Hongbin

Voluntary Compliance, Pollution Levels, and Infant Mortality in Mexico
pp. 191-197(7)
Authors: Foster, Andrew; Gutierrez, Emilio; Kumar, Naresh

Papers: The Economic Impacts of Climate Change

Temperature and Income: Reconciling New Cross-Sectional and Panel Estimates
pp. 198-204(7)
Authors: Dell, Melissa; Jones, Benjamin F.; Olken, Benjamin A.

Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production in Thailand
pp. 205-210(6)
Authors: Felkner, John; Tazhibayeva, Kamilya; Townsend, Robert

Climate Change and Birth Weight
pp. 211-217(7)
Authors: Deschênes, Olivier; Greenstone, Michael; Guryan, Jonathan

Papers: The Economics of Malaria

Economic Effects of Childhood Exposure to Tropical Disease
pp. 218-223(6)
Author: Bleakley, Hoyt

Commitment Mechanisms and Compliance with Health-Protecting Behavior: Preliminary Evidence from Orissa, India
pp. 231-235(5)
Authors: Tarozzi, Alessandro; Mahajan, Aprajit; Yoong, Joanne; Blackburn, Brian

Intrahousehold Allocation of Free and Purchased Mosquito Nets
pp. 236-241(6)
Author: Hoffmann, Vivian

Papers: Disease and Development: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

Urbanization, Mortality, and Fertility in Malthusian England
pp. 242-247(6)
Authors: Clark, Gregory; Cummins, Neil

Malthusian Dynamism and the Rise of Europe: Make War, Not Love
pp. 248-254(7)
Authors: Voigtländer, Nico; Voth, Hans-Joachim

How Relevant Is Malthus for Economic Development Today?
pp. 255-260(6)
Authors: Weil, David N.; Wilde, Joshua

Papers: Macroeconomic Narratives from Africa and the Diaspora

Institutions versus Policies: A Tale of Two Islands
pp. 261-267(7)
Authors: Henry, Peter Blair; Miller, Conrad

Metals or Management? Explaining Africa's Recent Economic Growth Performance
pp. 268-274(7)
Authors: Beny, Laura N.; Cook, Lisa D.

South Africa's Post-Apartheid Two-Step: Social Demands versus Macro Stability
pp. 275-281(7)
Authors: Coulibaly, Brahima; Logan, Trevon D.

Papers: Conflict and Development

Defensive Weapons and Defensive Alliances
pp. 282-286(5)
Authors: Chassang, Sylvain; Padró i Miquel, Gerard

Can Development Aid Contribute to Social Cohesion after Civil War? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia
pp. 287-291(5)
Authors: Fearon, James D.; Humphreys, Macartan; Weinstein, Jeremy M.

Repression or Civil War?
pp. 292-297(6)
Authors: Besley, Timothy; Persson, Torsten

Papers: Political Economy under Weak Institutions

Do Juntas Lead to Personal Rule?
pp. 298-303(6)
Authors: Acemoglu, Daron; Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin

Consolidation of New Democracy, Mass Attitudes, and Clientelism
pp. 304-309(6)
Authors: Brender, Adi; Drazen, Allan

The Real Swing Voter's Curse
pp. 310-315(6)
Authors: Robinson, James A.; Torvik, Ragnar

Papers: Polls, Votes, and Elections

Lies, Damn Lies, and Pre-Election Polling
pp. 316-322(7)
Authors: Walsh, Elias; Dolfin, Sarah; Dinardo, John

Racial Bias in the 2008 Presidential Election
pp. 323-329(7)
Authors: Mas, Alexandre; Moretti, Enrico

Papers: Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth in the Long Run

A Model of Discovery
pp. 337-342(6)
Authors: Boldrin, Michele; Levine, David K.

Papers: New Empirical Approaches to Decision Making under Uncertainty

Identifying Preferences under Risk from Discrete Choices
pp. 356-362(7)
Authors: Chiappori, Pierre-André; Gandhi, Amit; Salanié, Bernard; Salanié, Francois

Risk Preferences in the PSID: Individual Imputations and Family Covariation
pp. 363-368(6)
Authors: Kimball, Miles S.; Sahm, Claudia R.; Shapiro, Matthew D.

Papers: Heterogeneity in the Response of Consumption to Income

Did the 2008 Tax Rebates Stimulate Spending?
pp. 374-379(6)
Authors: Shapiro, Matthew D.; Slemrod, Joel

The Effects of Population Aging on the Relationship among Aggregate Consumption, Saving, and Income
pp. 380-386(7)
Authors: Dynan, Karen E.; Edelberg, Wendy; Palumbo, Michael G.

Disentangling Insurance and Information in Intertemporal Consumption Choices
pp. 387-392(6)
Authors: Kaufmann, Katja; Pistaferri, Luigi

Papers: Household Heterogeneity in Financial Markets

Measuring the Financial Sophistication of Households
pp. 393-398(6)
Authors: Calvet, Laurent E.; Campbell, John Y.; Sodini, Paolo

Who Bears Aggregate Fluctuations and How?
pp. 399-405(7)
Authors: Parker, Jonathan A.; Vissing-Jørgensen, Annette

Momentum Traders in the Housing Market: Survey Evidence and a Search Model
pp. 406-411(6)
Authors: Piazzesi, Monika; Schneider, Martin

Papers: Rationality in the Consumer Credit Market

Payday Loans and Credit Cards: New Liquidity and Credit Scoring Puzzles?
pp. 412-417(6)
Authors: Agarwal, Sumit; Skiba, Paige Marta; Tobacman, Jeremy

What Do High-Interest Borrowers Do with Their Tax Rebate?
pp. 418-423(6)
Authors: Bertrand, Marianne; Morse, Adair

Papers: Online Advertising Markets

Online Ad Auctions
pp. 430-434(5)
Author: Varian, Hal R.

The Quest for QWERTY
pp. 435-440(6)
Authors: Hossain, Tanjim; Morgan, John

Skewed Bidding in Pay-per-Action Auctions for Online Advertising
pp. 441-447(7)
Authors: Agarwal, Nikhil; Athey, Susan; Yang, David

Papers: Beliefs and Disagreement in Organizations

Authority versus Persuasion
pp. 448-453(6)
Author: Van den Steen, Eric

Financial Risk Management: When Does Independence Fail?
pp. 454-458(5)
Authors: Landier, Augustin; Sraer, David; Thesmar, David

Over My Dead Body: Bargaining and the Price of Dignity
pp. 459-465(7)
Authors: Bénabou, Roland; Tirole, Jean

Papers: International Aspects of Financial-Market Imperfections

The Aftermath of Financial Crises
pp. 466-472(7)
Authors: Reinhart, Carmen M.; Rogoff, Kenneth S.

Expropriation Dynamics
pp. 473-479(7)
Authors: Aguiar, Mark; Amador, Manuel; Gopinath, Gita

Financial Instability, Reserves, and Central Bank Swap Lines in the Panic of 2008
pp. 480-486(7)
Authors: Obstfeld, Maurice; Shambaugh, Jay C.; Taylor, Alan M.

Papers: Trade, Product Turnover and Quality

The Margins of US Trade
pp. 487-493(7)
Authors: Bernard, Andrew B.; Jensen, Bradford J.; Redding, Stephen J.; Schott, Peter K.

Trade Liberalization and New Imported Inputs
pp. 494-500(7)
Authors: Goldberg, Pinelopi; Khandelwal, Amit; Pavcnik, Nina; Topalova, Petia

Plants and Imported Inputs: New Facts and an Interpretation
pp. 501-507(7)
Authors: Kugler, Maurice; Verhoogen, Eric

Papers: Public Policies, Public Funding, and Their Impact

Another Look at the Impacts of Health Reform in Massachusetts: Evidence Using New Data and a Stronger Model
pp. 508-511(4)
Authors: Long, Sharon K.; Stockley, Karen; Yemane, Alshadye

A Theory of Brain Drain and Public Funding for Higher Education in the United States
pp. 517-521(5)
Authors: Ionescu, Felicia; Polgreen, Linnea A.

Public Policy and the Dynamics of Children's Health Insurance, 1986-1999
pp. 522-526(5)
Authors: Ham, John C.; Li, Xianghong; Shore-Sheppard, Lara D.

Papers: Pensions and Health Care: Fiscal Challenges for State and Local Governments

How Should Public Pension Plans Invest?
pp. 527-532(6)
Authors: Lucas, Deborah J.; Zeldes, Stephen P.

Discounting State and Local Pension Liabilities
pp. 538-542(5)
Authors: Brown, Jeffrey R.; Wilcox, David W.

Papers: The Revival of Fiscal Policy

Implementing the New Fiscal Policy Activism
pp. 543-549(7)
Author: Auerbach, Alan J.

Rethinking the Role of Fiscal Policy
pp. 556-559(4)
Author: Feldstein, Martin

Papers: Capital Market Frictions and Liquidity

Capital Reallocation and Growth
pp. 560-566(7)
Authors: Eberly, Janice; Wang, Neng

Information, Liquidity, and the (Ongoing) Panic of 2007
pp. 567-572(6)
Author: Gorton, Gary

Is Monetary Policy Effective during Financial Crises?
pp. 573-577(5)
Author: Mishkin, Frederic S.

Papers: Liquidity, Macroeconomics, and Asset Prices

A Note on Liquidity Risk Management
pp. 578-583(6)
Authors: Brunnermeier, Markus K.; Yogo, Motohiro

Global Imbalances and Financial Fragility
pp. 584-588(5)
Authors: Caballero, Ricardo J.; Krishnamurthy, Arvind

Leverage and the Central Banker's Put
pp. 589-593(5)
Authors: Farhi, Emmanuel; Tirole, Jean

Papers: Monetary Policy, Liquidity, and Financial Crises

Market and Public Liquidity
pp. 594-599(6)
Authors: Bolton, Patrick; Santos, Tano; Scheinkman, José A.

Money, Liquidity, and Monetary Policy
pp. 600-605(6)
Authors: Adrian, Tobias; Shin, Hyun Song

The Credit Crisis: Conjectures about Causes and Remedies
pp. 606-610(5)
Authors: Diamond, Douglas W.; Rajan, Raghuram G.

Papers: The Economics Major as Part of a Liberal Education

The Economics Major as Part of a Liberal Education: The Teagle Report
pp. 611-623(13)
Authors: Colander, David; McGoldrick, KimMarie

Papers: Completing an Economics PhD in Five Years: Let the Data (Literally) Speak for Themselves

Completing an Economics PhD in Five Years
pp. 624-629(6)
Authors: Stock, Wendy A.; Finegan, Aldrich T.; Siegfried, John J.

Proceedings

Minutes of the Annual Meeting San Francisco, CA January 4, 2009
pp. 631-632(2)
Author: Siegfried, John J.

Report of the Secretary for 2008
pp. 633-636(4)
Author: Siegfried, John J.

Report of the Treasurer
pp. 637-640(4)
Author: Siegfried, John J.

American Economic Association Universal Academic Questionnaire Summary Statistics
pp. 641-645(5)
Authors: Stock, Charles E.; Siegfried, John J.

List of Online Reports
pp. 646-646(1)
Author: Siegfried, John

Supplemental Online Proceedings

Minutes of the Executive Committee Meetings
pp. 647-659(13)
Author: Siegfried, John J.

Supplemental Online Proceedings: Report of the Editor

American Economic Review
pp. 660-670(11)
Author: Moffitt, Robert A.

Journal of Economic Literature
pp. 671-673(3)
Author: Gordon, Roger

Journal of Economic Perspectives
pp. 674-675(2)
Author: Shleifer, Andrei

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
pp. 676-678(3)
Author: Duflo, Esther

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
pp. 679-680(2)
Author: Auerbach, Alan J.

American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics
pp. 681-682(2)
Author: Blanchard, Olivier

American Economic Journal: Microeconomics
pp. 683-684(2)
Author: Postlewaite, Andrew

Job Openings for Economists
pp. 685-687(3)
Author: Siegfried, John J.

Supplemental Online Proceedings: Report of the Committee on Economic Education

Report of the Committee on Economic Education
pp. 688-691(4)
Author: Watts, Michael

Supplemental Online Proceedings: Report of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession 2008

Supplemental Online Proceedings: Report of the Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession

Supplemental Online Proceedings: Report of the Committee on Economic Statistics

Report of the Committee on Economic Statistics
pp. 710-710(1)
Author: Abraham, Katharine

Supplemental Online Proceedings: AEJ: Macroeconomics

General Information on the Association

General Information on the Association
pp. 712-712(1)
Author: Siegfried, John

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