Intoxications de l’enfant : données des centres antipoison et de toxicovigilance (CAP-TV) français (2002)

Communication orale: Congrès de la Société Française de Toxicologie organisé en collaboration avec la Société Française de Pharmacologie les 16 et 17 octobre 2003, Cassis, France.: Childhood Poisoning: Data from the French Poison Control and Toxicovigilance Centres (2002)

Authors: Gaëtan Guyodo1; Vincent Danel2

Source: Therapie, Volume 59, Number 6, 2004 , pp. 589-593(5)

Publisher: Adis International

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Abstract:

Matériels et méthodes : Les données 2002 de plusieurs centres antipoison et de toxicovigilance (CAP-TV) français, analysées selon plusieurs classes d’âge, portent sur 87 678 cas d’intoxication possible ou avérée, dont 49 355 survenus entre 0 et 18 ans.

Résultats : La classe 0-3 ans représente 71,7 % des intoxications chez l’enfant. L’intoxication est accidentelle jusqu’à 12 ans et majoritairement volontaire entre 13 et 18 ans. La voie d’exposition, essentiellement orale, implique surtout des liquides chez le jeune enfant, puis des produits solides. Les principaux toxiques sont les produits pharmaceutiques et domestiques. L’intoxication a lieu essentiellement au domicile. L’« absence de risque » passe de 41,6 % avant 3 ans à 18,0 % entre 13 et 18 ans. La prise en charge est de plus en plus médicalisée.

Discussion : Ces intoxications de l’enfant ont été heureusement pour la plupart sans gravité (13 décès). La généralisation du système d’information des centres antipoison et de toxicovigilance (SICAP) est en cours et va permettre de faciliter la veille sanitaire concernant les intoxications.

Mots clés : intoxication, enfance, centres antipoison, centres de toxicovigilance, toxicologie médicale

Abstract

Materials and methods: Data for 2002 from a number of French poison control centres were analysed in terms of several age groups; 87 678 possible or established poisoning cases were counted, including 49 355 cases in the 0- to 18-year age group.

Results: The 0- to 3-year age group accounted for 71.7% of cases of childhood poisoning. Accidental poisoning was predominant up to 12 years, while from 13 to 18 years poisoning was essentially deliberate. The principal route of exposure was oral and involved liquids for babies and solid products for older children. The toxic agents most often implicated were pharmaceuticals and domestic products. The place of poisoning was mainly the home. A ‘no-risk’ evaluation was performed, and varied between 41.6% before the age of 3 years to 18.0% for the 13- to 18-year age group. The oldest children were more often managed in medical facilities.

Discussion: Fortunately, most of these poisoning cases were not serious (death rate: 0.026%). The poison control centres’ information system is continuing to expand: it will allow an improvement in medical health monitoring associated with poisoning.

Keywords: childhood poisoning, poison control centres, toxicovigilance centres, medical toxicology

Keywords: Children; Drug overdose; Poisoning

Document Type: Research article

Affiliations: 1: 1 Centre antipoison et de toxicovigilance, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris, France 2: 2 Centre de toxicovigilance, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France

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