@article {Kamimura:2001:1532-0820:245,
	author = "Kamimura, Eikichi and Ueno, Yoshikazu and Tanaka, Shinya and Sawa, Hirofumi and Yoshioka, Mitsuhiro and Ueno, Ken-Ichi and Inoue, Takeshi and Li, Xiaobai and Koyama, Tsukasa and Ishikawa, Ryoichi and Nagashima, Kazuo",
	title = "New Rat Model for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)",
	journal = "Comparative Medicine",
	volume = "51",
	number = "3",
	year = "2001",
	abstract = "<I>Purpose:</I> In a strain of the Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, we found spontaneously hyperactive animals designated as &#8220;wiggling,&#8221; and established a congenic wiggling (Wig) rat by transferring the gene from the LEC to the Wistar KingAptekman/Hokkaido (WKAH) strain. We evaluated the feasibility of the Wig rat for an animal model of human attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD).<P></P> <I>Methods:</I> Mode of inheritance was examined by use of linkage analyses. Motor activity, behavior, and working memory were assessed by use of electric digital counters, open field test, and Y-maze and water-maze tests.<P></P> <I>Results:</I> The abnormal behavior, including hyperactivity, was transmitted in autosomal recessive mode. Diurnal and nocturnal motor activity of 12- to 14-week-old Wig rats was markedly higher than that of controls, and this hyperactivity was more prominent during nighttime than daytime. Ambulation in the open-field test was significantly increased in Wig rats, but rearing was decreased in Wig rats, compared with controls. Results of the Y-maze tests indicated that spontaneous alternation behavior was significantly impaired in Wig rats, although there was no difference in the total arm entries. The water-maze test could not be performed because, when exposed to water, Wig rats panicked and almost drowned.<P></P> <I>Conclusions:</I> Wig rats are hyperactive and have impaired working memory and impulsive behavior, as assessed by the motor activity and open-field tests and the Y-maze test, and these abnormalities are transmitted by a single gene with Mendelian pattern. Wig rats represent an excellent animal model of human ADHD.",
	pages = "245-251",
	url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aalas/cm/2001/00000051/00000003/art00010"
}